Computer have not been around for much time. Computation and advanced mathematics have played a strong role in their development. The very first computer was invented in the mid-1800s with very basic chemistry and design. As time progressed, computer got more advanced and to the point where it developed into a huge calculator and on from there. Many of the major advances in computer development were around the mid-19th century, when countries fighting in either World War needed an advantage over other countries when developing computers. The country with the best computers often had the best access to other countries data or code cracking and vis-versa. Computers solve many of the big problems that we face on a daily basis and in the modern world, many companies and even personal interests cannot be fulfilled or be successful without computers. The range of use is vast reaching from basic temperature reading in your refrigerator to the GPS and music that some people has access to into their own cars. Computers will continue to development infinity, according to Moore's Law, allowing the computer revolution to never reach an end, technically. Computer have come such a far way that developers and idealists have discovered ways to use this technology to their advantage. The issue of privacy concerns or threats is a very recent problem. Even the very best computers 20 years ago were not able to gain access and manipulate other computer systems in the way the process is done today. As computers popularity and advancement continue to exponentially increase, many people of the modern world face issues with security breaches or computer threats, which they often do not realize and could become potentially dangerous for anyone. Security and privacy issues are problems that most developed countries face, on personal levels and even on an international scale.  

We cannot get ahead of ourselves however. It is unlikely that anyone is going to face a serious problems using a home PC or other personal systems, unless that person is someone of importance. One of the bigger and more developing issues we must address is the growth of social media sites. Social media sites are at the "bottom of the food chain" when discussing privacy issues over computers, but the issue should certainly be address because of its increasing popularity across the world. Chen states that "SNSs (Social Media Sites) provide a myriad of gratifications, such as personal fulfillment, social interaction, and self-presentation" (16) however, sites like this can "generate concerns about privacy risks" (16). Many of the issues are ones that most people fail to see because many of the social media sites cover up privacy risks by making the site "friendly". Chen wanted to investigate how "including profile visibility, self-disclosure, and friending are influenced by privacy concerns and efficacy regarding one's own ability to manage privacy settings" (13). People should not condone the use of any social media site, however, everyone using an SNS should be away of way is being posted on the internet. The issue at hand is not about bad college photos or something you would not want your employers to see, but it is about the personal information such as addresses or phone numbers that people post or update on their profiles online. 

Much bigger issues arise as computer users get smarter about the usage of computers, mainly hackers. Even though some hackers or security researchers can be seen as bad, "many are working to fight government corruption and advocate our right" (Hackers). Hackers help the internet and user by giving the web a "hard time". By doing this, it "push[es] the internet to become stronger and healthier, wielding their power to create a better world" (Hackers). We need hackers as a society to be able to have a robust internet so that its users are safe on the network. There are many ways basic ways to protect your home PC or laptop, however, many people fail to take the basic precaution. One of the biggest issues is not even the person trying to gain access to your information, it is often the user of a computer being thoughtless on their internet and computer use. Often times, people become oblivious to the solution, even if they know what the issue is. Most problems and threats can be avoided by taking minor steps, assuming that person is not a person of interest to someone else, such as a hacker.

We can assume that anything that is currently out on the market, the government has a bigger, better, and faster version that they often refuse to release. One of the bigger issues that most people see and are aware of is the data collecting done by the government. The government has databases on databases on everyone from their mother to their second cousin twice removed. Also, the government often has records of data that most people would not want in the hands of other. Obviously, these people are not murders or terrorist, they are often your normal civilian that would not want their current location recognized or even their personal medical records. "Defenders of the state's new surveillance capabilities argue that in the modern world, these techniques are necessary if terrorists are criminals are to be caught" (Snowden 434). To have an effective way to stop criminals is good use of technology such as cameras or listening devices, however, the power should not be taken advantage of and the government can find other ways, just as effective, for catching criminals without violating millions of peoples privacy. The issues does not stop there. What about all of the cameras and recording devices placed all around the U.S. or the world? The problem has come to a point of secrecy from the government to its citizens. Etzioni starts his debate by saying that "Most privacy violations in the paper age resulted from primary collection; most violations in the cyber age result from secondary usages of information that has been legally collected" (1264) so people understand the current difference between the time periods. Even when the collecting of documents was allowed during the paper age, "there were still very sharp limits"(1264) to what could be processed how and where, but issues arise in the modern age because "information can be collated much more readily with other items of information, analyzed, and distributed" (1264). Other areas of personal privacy are being taken advantage of away from computers. In the court case United States vs Jones involved the "installation of a GPS tracking device on Jones car after that State's warrant had expired" (Etzioni 1274). The issue that arises is not the government taking illegal advantages on their citizens, but the idea that the technology revolution bring these types of object into life. Any device, not just a GPS tracker, can be used to gather extremely personal information legally or illegally. Also, there is the side of others outside government agencies that have this technology and do not always follow specific laws of the area. Not to scare anyone saying that everyone is being tracked or listened to, but we should be aware that this technology exists and could be harmful to specific people, not to the general public. Wagner states his writing by bring out the major problem that "Only a small fraction of law enforcement agencies in the united states obtain a warrant before tracking the cell phones of suspects and persons of interest" which is due, in part, "to the fact that courts have struggled to keep pace with a changing technological landscape" (200). The pure fact is startling and quite thought provoking. How many times has law enforcement taken advantage of the flaws in the court system? We cannot get out of hand with the issue and we need to realize that law enforcement is not purposely being corrupt or taken advantage of its people, but more to help the people. I would believe that when these illegal actions are committed, they are done to dangerous people and the government wants to catch them and prevent them for doing further damage, which is a positive thing. Brent states that "the landmark 1928 U.S. Supreme Court decision in Olmstead v. United States defined for a generation the government's ability to wiretap telephone conversations without a warrant" (207). The court case was the first of its kind and the first real issue that people started to view. The case clearly goes against our Four Amendment right to searches and seizures which is at the heart of the privacy issue. Brent continues to explain that "This gathering of evidence would have been impossible without the new technological means to do so" (207). 

Cybercrime would be viewed as the root of much bigger threats that many people might encounter because it could lead to such events as an attack or war. As developers learn more and more and as less developed countries start to advance in their own computer expansion, it gives "an ideal platform for new covert wars and conflicts" (Armencheva 259). Many of these cyber terrorists take advantage of the "blurred formulations" (Armencheva 259) on regulations on the internet. In the present age, many of the designs and structures that help anyone through their day life is controlled by computers from business management to medicine and sciences. These structures "acquire[] the characteristics of the "central nervous system of the human society" and is inextricably linked with people daily lives" (Armencheva 260). The problem is most of our actions and processes through the day are absorbed into machines or computers. This idea is the core to the issue of cybercrime and a possible war. If a society relies so heavy on computers, then once they are infiltrated, the society will fall, and fall heavy. The idea is so powerful because there is no killing or inhuman actions, there are people half way across the globe shutting down all systems in another country. How would any country or government defend an enemy that we cannot see? However, do not fret, the U.S. has specialized teams to counter all cyber terrorist activity, but the idea is powerful and not impossible. It may even be possible in the next 10 years or less. Another problem is that as the threat of cybercrime increases, the legal regulations on cyber activity are going to change or more likely become much tighter on the users. This could cause an unrest in the civilians and may come to the point where the government is "violating human right" and it may even "provoke violence (both over individual groups and between the state institutions)" (Armencheva 261).

The failure to see the issue is hefty, as "almost half of the U.S. citizens say they would be willing to sacrifice privacy for improved tools for shopping, and 30 percent were also willing to forgo some privacy for online gaming, social networking, and banking" (Hoanca 29). As more and more uses of the internet arise, people are more willing to give out information and lose privacy which is a huge problem. A company or even a government is going to take advantage of this flaw. If the public is slowly starting to accept the privacy invasions for their own personal gains, then the public will tumble. "The expectations of CIPT (Control over Information Pertaining to themselves) increases as the individual expects that the larger community will be unable to get information about him or her, just as the individual knows less about most the others in the larger community" (Hoanca 31). The study conveys that the average person that uses computer technology believes that they are safer or untouched from the possible security threats, when that idea is entirely wrong. Individuals often have a skewed idea of how privacy works which often gives them an idea of safety because they take some precautions, even if those precautions are unnecessary or useless. 

The argument is one of the most important ones that everyone should know. We are know much more educated on the subject of computer privacy and the possible threats and problems that anyone who uses a computer could face. With computers being so integrated into modern society, it has become a necessity to be able to know where your information or other people's information go and how it is used. Now that everyone is much more educated and knows the issue, we can start to take the steps towards protection and prevention. Computers are never going to be taken out completely, because that would be ridiculous, however, the human race is going to have to find a common ground and certain rules and guidelines for internet use. The ultimate goal would to have international laws and law enforcement for the World Wide Web, even if that task is a great feat. Assembling the group to lead the council would be challenging because it would be great responsibility, especially because the agreement would span across continents. The speaker or leader would have to speak for everyone in the world. Also, finding people with vast knowledge on the subject and that would be willing to try to enforce those rules would be even more difficult. Even the best computer people from Microsoft or IBM have problems and struggles trying to tackle cybercrime across the world. The big idea would only work if the people of the world came together to make a fair judgement. The public is going to have to take actions soon or terrible events make come upon us such as a cyber-attack.

Computers are the worlds gold. The development of computers is close to one of man's greatest feat. To be able to compute and use the technology is outstanding, and most modern, developed people cannot make it through their day without the use of a computer. Some people would say that there is no privacy issues or negligible amount today because everyone is so educated and take precautions to prevent possible threats, which is true, however, as stated earlier in this writing, many people would give up privacy for basic computer use, even social media access so people are willing to give up their information for minimal.

The idea of artificial intelligence always comes up when advanced computers are in the mix. AI is not a big issue of threat currently, but people should still see its capabilities and possible outcomes. The war of the machines will probably never happen for the movie goers because the technology is not physically stronger or stable enough. But IBM and other big computer companies are developing a "person-like" machine to be able to do specific tasks or answer certain questions. The scariness of it is that these machines might be taking a place of other humans or possibly become aware of themselves and start hurting or damaging themselves, other objects, or people. The main example is the self-piloting drone that would especially bomb and destroy and target that it wanted. But the technology is not here, but people should be aware. 

