In the article "Rape and Incest: Just 1% of All Abortions," by Tamar Lewin, the author explicitly proves that of all of the abortions with which the clinic was helping, only a very small portion of them were due to rape and incest combined. This is important because the government will use federal funding to cover the cost of an abortion only if it is a case of rape or incest. Because of this, women have taken it upon themselves to claim rape or incest, even if they did not endure the situation, due to the free abortion they would get in return. People feel abortions should be legal so a woman can have access to an abortion and terminate a pregnancy in cases of rape and incest but women are taking advantage of the opportunity to receive a free abortion by lying and claiming rape or incest. To prevent this, a law was passed that forces women to claim rape or incest through the court before being granted the federal funds to receive a free abortion. Through the use of logos, Lewin deftly and effectively discusses that ninety-five percent of rape victims received federal funds towards abortions, and that number plummeted dramatically after the installation of the new law. By using data and logic, Lewin proves that the law is necessary and beneficial to the government and its funds because it protects their money from women who are taking it when not actually qualified for it.

Lewin uses logos to show that the number of women who claimed to have been raped went down after the new law went into place. A survey given to women before receiving an abortion, conducted by the Alan Guttmacher Institute, determined, "1 percent of the 1,900 women questioned named rape or incest. And 95 percent of those who mentioned rape or incest named other reasons as well for deciding to abort" (Lewin). This study shows that rape and incest is not a very common reason to receive an abortion. This number did increase when women realized they could receive federal funding to cover all costs of the abortion if they have been through rape or incest. Because they could receive a free abortion, women had been taking federal money when not qualified for it. To stop this, a law was put in place to force women to claim rape and incest through the court. Once this law was set in place, there had been noticeable changes to the number of women who received federal funding. Douglas Johnson, legislative director of the National Right to Life Committee stated, "when the Pennsylvania Legislature modified the law to say it only covered rape or incest reported to law-enforcement authorities, the number of publicly funded abortions dropped from 35 a month to 3'' (Lewin). By using logos, this fact shows just how drastic the number decreases once the law was established because it is much harder for women to falsely claim rape and incest. This is important because Lewin believes that the law set in place is necessary when protecting the government funds. The numbers that form this data make this appeal logos and is the most effective at persuading the audience because without it, the audience would not be able to fully understand how many women are falsely claiming rape and incest just to receive money. Without this knowledge, the audience would not be able to see how crucial this law is and just how much it protects the federal money, while still allowing those who have gone through rape and incest to receive the money they deserve. 

In order to make a very strong argument, Lewin uses pathos in tandem with logos to strengthen the emotional appeal. Lewin plays with the audience's emotions when he writes, "about one-quarter of the women getting abortions were poor enough to qualify for public funds. So if that ratio continues, there would be about 4,000 poor women a year qualifying for Federal money for abortions where the pregnancy resulted from rape or incest" (Lewin). Once the law was put in place, the number of women who actually qualified and needed an abortion because of rape or incest, were able to go through court and get the money they deserve. By using data alone, the audience would not fully understand that the law in place effect these women's lives drastically, giving them the money they deserve to be able to receive an abortion and support themselves. He inflicts emotion to make anyone that is financially stable feel upset for such a large group of women who are struggling and cannot afford an abortion in their time of need. By stating that one quarter of the women are so poor as to receive pubic funding, Lewin shows the readers just how large scale this issue is. By including pathos, the audience reacts emotionally and becomes upset for those women who cannot do what is best for them. By pairing pathos with logos and using them both together, Lewin's strengthens his argument because it not only shows how large scale this issue is but also makes the readers feel upset towards this situation. This is important because the audience will agree with Lewin's and want what is best for the women which includes enforcing this law so the women who have actually been effected by rape and incest can receive the funding they need. 

Lewin used ethos and logos together to strengthen his argument but giving a credible source in which he receives his data from. He notes that the Alan Guttmacher Institute stated, "a total of 3,675 women had abortions paid for by Federal money. But the institute said that it knew which category qualified only 2,444 of the women, and of these, 72 were eligible because of rape or incest" (Lewin). By including data, such as the data found in the quote before this, Lewin is able to show how few women were claiming rape and incest before the government was giving women federal funding to women who have undergone this situation. Citing the Alan Guttmacher institute gives him credibility because this institute is a leading research organization focused on advancing sexual and reproductive health and the rights that should come with it. Without ethos, his facts would not have been as strong because the audience would not have seen that the facts come from a credible, knowledgeable organization. Knowing that the data he uses throughout his paper comes from the institution, the readers know that the facts are legitimate and trustworthy. By pairing ethos with logos, it is effective because it proves the credibility of the facts and makes them believable and reliable to strengthen his argument.

Logos is the main appeal Lewin uses in his article to argue only one percent of abortions are due to rape and incest; after a law was put in place forcing women to claim rape/incest through court the amount of women (whom of which are poor enough to receive money) greatly decreases. By establishing and keeping this law in place, women are no longer able to falsely claim rape or incest in order to receive federal funding. By using logos, he is able to bring in solid numbers and facts from a survey taken to back up his argument. These solid numbers help strengthen and support his ideas and lay them out in a logical manor. Ethos and pathos is also used to help strengthen his argument by giving the article both credible sources and pulling at the readers emotions to make them feel bad for the mothers that are financially unstable. Ethos and pathos both helped the argument and made it effective; however, logos really made his argument the most clear and logical so that the audience could follow along, understand, and believe his argument.

