In the article "Rape and Incest: Just 1% of All Abortions," by Tamar Lewin, the author explicitly argues that out of all of the abortions in which the clinic was helping, only a very small portion of them are due to rape and incest combined. One main reason people feel abortions should be legal is due to rape and incest; some feel that if a woman is raped and becomes impregnated, they should be able to terminate the pregnancy if the women chooses to. However, Lewin was able to prove that this was not a very common reason to choose an abortion and that some claim rape just to receive government funding (that is used to cover the cost of the abortion). Through the use of logos, Lewin deftly and effectively discusses that ninety-five percent of rape victims receive Federal funds towards abortions, and that number plummeted dramatically after the installation of the law forcing women to claim rape/incest through the court.

Lewin uses logos to support his argument by informing the audience of a survey that was conducted determining only one percent of women who choose to undergo abortions did so due to rape and incest. With this knowledge, a surveyor from Alan Guttmacher Institute used math and data to determine, "there are about 1.6 million abortions in the United States each year, so 1 percent would be 16,000 ...  there would be about 4,000 poor women a year qualifying for Federal money for abortions where the pregnancy resulted from rape or incest" (Lewin). Women who are raped and considered poor receive money from the government to support their child. While the article shows women do not claim rape more often than not, some who are raped still claim it just for the money. Lewin argues using the logos appeal through facts, "last year, when the Pennsylvania Legislature modified the law to say it only covered rape or incest reported to law-enforcement authorities, the number of publicly funded abortions dropped from 35 a month to 3'' (Lewin). This shows that more women use to claim rape only through the abortion clinic and would not take it to court, in order to receive money, before the new law was passed. Because the new law made them claim rape through court, many of the one percent choose to not go to court in order to get money from the court. By using logos, Lewin was able to argue that only a very small portion of the women who undergo abortions claim rape; of that small percent, the amount of rape victims receiving money from the government greatly reduced once a law, forcing them to go through court, was passed. 

In order to make a very strong argument, Lewin had to use all three appeals, logos, ethos, and pathos. Lewin used logos and pathos together to strengthen the emotional appeal when he wrote, "one-quarter of the women getting abortions were poor enough to qualify for public funds" (Lewin). The use of logos uses this fact to show the audience how such a large number of women are considered poor enough to receive money. This makes anyone that is financially stable feel a negative and upset emotion for such a large group of women who are struggling. By stating a number (one-quarter), it shows the readers just how large of a group the unsettling fact is referring to. Without the number, the lack of a fact would have hindered the ability for the audience to see just how many women are struggling and they would not have felt as bad for the women. By pairing pathos with logos, this appeal is effective towards his argument because it makes the readers see just how largescale the amount, of poor women receiving abortions, was.

He used ethos and logos together to strengthen his fact, "the institute said that a total of 3,675 women had abortions paid for by Federal money. But the institute said that it knew which category qualified only 2,444 of the women, and of these, 72 were eligible because of rape or incest" (Lewin). This is logos because of the solid numbers used to support the facts within the sentence and it is ethos because it states the institute as a credible source to pull information from. Without ethos, his fact (logos) would not have been as strong because the audience would not have seen that the facts came from credible, knowledgeable people. Knowing that the information came from the institution, the readers know that the facts are legitimate and trustworthy. By pairing ethos with logos, it is effective because it proves the credibility of the facts and makes them believable and reliable to strengthen his argument.

Logos is the main appeal Lewin uses in his article to argue only one percent of abortions are due to rape/incest; after a law was put in place forcing women to claim rape/incest through court the amount of women (whom of which are poor enough to receive money) greatly decreases. By using logos, he was able to bring in solid numbers and facts from a survey taken to back up his argument. These solid numbers help strengthen and support his ideas and lay them out in a logical manor. Ethos and pathos was also used to help strengthen his argument by giving the article both credible sources and pulling at the readers emotions to make them feel bad for the mothers that could not financially support children. Ethos and pathos both helped the argument and made it effective; however, logos really made his argument the most clear and logical so that the audience could follow along, understand, and believe his argument.

