More crimes have been occurring over the past couple of years which most think is caused by African Americans that leads to police brutality. The occurrence of these killings of unarmed suspects is happening because of how law enforcement officers view African Americans as criminals. Has the increase of crimes pressured officers to apprehend lethal force whether they are in danger or not? Since society has gotten involved with the concern of these killings the community has come together to establish the cause of the situation. This not only affects me, it affects the African American culture because we are viewed differently than other ethnicities. Law enforcement officers are supposed to be a reliable resource, therefore, minorities are more prone to act first instead of relying on officers. 

The killing of unarmed suspects has been a hot topic in the news that has made a huge impact towards the black society, since it seems as if African Americans are a target of the law enforcement. The African American society feels the sympathy for the family members of those who's loved ones were killed, which not only hurt the families but also the black culture as a whole. All of the brutal images and videos of officers slamming and beating suspects gives me the right to speak out against this to show that this is not the acceptable behavior of police officers.

The fourth amendment states that officers can use force when making an arrest only if it is "objectively reasonable." When facing a judge in this situation the judge has to look into the case and determine whether or not the use of excessive force was objectively reasonable at the time. The police have the power to use excessive force based on their judgment when they feel threatened by a suspect, which is usually a minority. The cops are profiling minorities based on their beliefs that minorities pose a threat to society. Police officers relate individuals with low income, areas with a high crime rate and minorities as a reason why they use excessive force. Police are categorizing all minorities as criminals which are leading to racial profiling.

   Racial profiling is leading to people in society to not trust police officers, which makes police lose their authority while the society grows worse. The issue of excessive force based on police judgment needs to be justified because it is leading to illegal profiling, violence in the community and mistrust of police officers. This issue is leading to controversy in America by the separation of police officers and minorities. If this issue is not addressed this problem will continue and escalate into a bigger problem. Mainly, because if police officers lose their authority it will cause chaos in society because of riots and protests.

In the world today many innocent victims have been murdered the law enforcement. Cassandra and Roberson (2015) addresses how these murders demonstrates to members of this group that, when compared with Whites, their lives have little value ... " (62)  Both Cassandra and Robertson uses citical race theory to question the white supremacy of officers because they are creating stereotypical view of minorities that they are violent and dangerous in society. Due to the white supremacy, society see minorities as a larger societal problem without caring whether or not they are being brutality beat by police officers (Cassandra & Robertson 2015)

Police officers have the option to use lethal force if they feel it is in self-defense and if there is reasonable doubt Awr Hawkins (2014) explains that there is records of police brutality, but officers try to hide the records from people in society. This shows how officers that commit crime does not show because they do not want to speak out on the violence of officers. Hawkins states (2014), that having a clear record of the incident would prove that "policing in black neighborhoods isn't the crime that blacks commit against one another but the brutality that cops -- "blues" -- bring to the neighborhoods they patrol." (Hawkins 2014)   

Awr Hawkins (2014) agrees with Michael Hirsh (2014) argument that police officers who use excessive force against unarmed victims are being protected by the law enforcement department by them not sharing the excessive force statistics with the community. This shows that police officers are not abiding by the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement act that require that they distinguish this information to the community. (Hirsh 2014) Police officers are getting away with excessive force and not being held accountable by the judges because there is no evidence that prove that excessive force is being used against unarmed victims. 

 Victims of the fatal shootings that occur who are criminals have a perspective placed among themselves which causes investigators to be less tentative to investigate the crimes. According to King (2015) "when victims are truly valued, and violent people are labeled in a way that society despises, the mechanisms of government can actually move very swiftly toward justice."  This is unfair to the minorities in communities because when an officers is killed or harmed by a suspect the case is investigated quickly. It brings questions as to why when minorities are involved in tragic shootings their cases seem irrelevant to society. Does minorities' lives matter at all? There are numerous amount of recent mass shooting that occurred that shows how long it took for investigators to do their process of figuring out who is the shooter. 

Rajanna Natarajan (2014) states how officers have racially profiled minorities which have caused corruption in the form of the trust of the people in society. Police officers racially profile minorities based off their communities, lifestyles, race, ethnicities, and income. Officers are racially profiling and using excessive force against minorities based off of how they see them in society as a threat. Natarajan (2014) examines how officers see neighborhoods by the characteristics that they have which may be a result of increased crimes in that area. In the article Natarajan (2014) addresses the problem of racial profiling and excessive force, "In a 2011 report, the Leadership Conference on Civil Rights found evidence of widespread racial profiling, showing that African Americans and Hispanics are disproportionately likely to be stopped and searched by police, even though they're less likely to be found possessing contraband or committing a criminal act" (1).

Barack Obama makes a similar argument on how in minority communities mistrust exists because minorities feel threaten by police officers. Obama also addresses this because it is a major problem in society, people feel they are racially profiled based on their race or ethnicity. For example, blacks and Hispanics are targeted by law enforcement and they are more likely to be stopped by an officers based off of their race. In New York 85 percent of the time stops consist of both blacks and Hispanics although when searched they do not find anything (Natarajan 2014). While in Illinois, when searching whites they are more likely to have contraband on them, however black and Hispanics individuals are the ones who are likely to be searched first (Natarajan 2014). These statistics show that the racial profiling of these individuals is occurring because of the rate at which minorities are being searched more than any other race.

Taryn Pruniski (2014) focuses on the court's decision when it comes to the use of excessive force determining whether or not it is reasonable. The reasonable objective gives officers the authority to use excessive force when they feel threaten only if it is considered to be what any other officer would have acted. Pruniski (2014) makes a supportive argument for he reasonable objective when it is necessary for officers to use excessive force when their life or anyone else is in danger. This is not consider unnecessary force because it is reasonable and justifiable, because it is what anyone else would have done to protect themselves and anyone else.

Kindaka Sanders (2015) talks about the Indiana code that was enacted by the legislature in the state of Indiana, which gave officers the right to use lethal force against suspects, although the law that gave the right to resist an unlawful arrest was thrown out. Police officers are allowed to use excessive force, however suspects are not able to resist an unlawful arrest which basically gives officers the right to arrest who they want. In result of using excessive force the second amendment does not justify what is considered to be self-defense. The second amendment protects an individual by giving them the right to use self-defense if they are going to be harmed (Sanders 2015). However, the second amendment is unclear because it does not clearly states what is appropriate self-defense.

Police officers are more prone to use excessive force against minorities, based on the environment and the way that they see minorities as a whole. Officers feel that minorities pose a bigger threat in society and are more violent so excessive force is their first priority when confronting minority individuals.  There has been recent events that have occurred and statistical analysis showed how minorities have been the victim of these fatal shootings that consisted of excessive force from officers. This article focuses on two hypotheses of minority police brutality both minority threat and community accountability. Smith and Holmes (2014) states that the minority threat hypotheses is that the more minorities' individuals in a particular area will result in more crime prevention sources in the communities. Whereas the community accountability thinks that it will promote more use of excessive force. 

"The Broken Window" policy focuses on criminals who commit crimes, but are prone to do those crimes based on the area, race, and their social status. The policy was supposed to focus on the minor crimes that are committed and the severe crimes will take care of themselves, however, that was not the case. The Broken Window policy became ineffective, which led to officers racially profiling against low income minorities. The reason for racial profiling by police officer is that, "poor people were more likely to commit crime because it offered short-term benefits; they were unable to consider the long-term consequences" when committing crimes (Thompson 44). This led to unequal treatment towards those who were minorities and had little income because they were considered to be a threat to the social norm.

Racial profiling of individuals is a major problem when it comes to police officers enforcing the law. According to Thomas Gabor (2003), "racial profiling is defined as a form of bias whereby citizens are being stopped, questioned, searched and arrested on the basis of their minority status,"(457). Police officers see minorities as a bigger threat than other races in society. However, most situations are not racially profiled because most situations pertain to minorities whose crime rate is higher than any other race. For example, Gabor (2003) mentions how, "the more aggressive targeting of that group is due to the group's visible minority status" (457). This causes police officers to apply major efforts to try and contain and prevent minorities from committing crimes in communities that mostly consist of violent criminals, which makes people think that police officers are racially discriminating against minorities. 

Police officers are more likely to control areas where there is consider to be a higher chance of criminal activity than others areas. Gabor (2003) provided evidence that shows that this is this case because actions, "indicates that high crime neighborhoods are often poor and contain a more transient population" (459). Statistics show that in poor areas it consists most of minorities which tends to have more police officers patrolling that area. With a lot of police officers in a minority area it may cause a higher chance of police brutality in minority communities. This will lead to minorities not trusting police officers in these areas or communities.

Valerie Callanan and Jared Rosenberger (2011) focus on how crimes that are displayed throughout media sources has begun to make individuals place perceptional opinions towards police officers. Television programs that contain these events mold confidence for individuals who have yet to experience these situations personally. While those such as minorities who have probably experienced these situations, confidence is not effected. Callanan and Rosenberger (2011) prove that minorities who have experienced being arrested where not effected by the media outlets that built the confidence in the law enforcement for non-experienced individuals. Minorities who have experienced excessive force from officers are not affected by the display of media since they have been involved in these situations (Callanan & Rosenberger 2011). However, individuals who have not experienced these situations think that police officers are just conducting their job (Callanan & Rosenberger 2011). Individuals who are unexperienced are mostly going to take sides with the officers, while those who have experienced these situations are going to always feel as if officers are in the wrong.

Brad Smith and Malcolm Holmes (2014) argued that officers target racial minorities for all types of reasons such as income, location, high crime rate, past experiences with the law. This excessive force is being used because police officers see minorities as a threat to communities and to themselves. Since officers do not trust minority individuals they tend to target them more in order to maintain authority in communities and keep the social order (Smith & Holmes 2014). People within society can now see what is happening which proves that officers are abusing the power they have in law enforcement, this shows the reasons why officers use this force because they feel threaten from minorities.

Takurai (2015) explained how officers are trained to use excessive force only under two circumstances such as defense of their life or anyone else or to prevent a victim from escaping. However, police officers use deadly force against a victim only if it is objectively reasonable without having to prove that it was in self-defense (Takurai 2015). Police officers are taught to use lethal force as a last resort although they are trained to shoot to kill which is the center mass of an individual's body (Takurai 2015). Takurai (2015) mentions how it is a violation of the fourth amendment to shoot an individual who is running away since they are not necessarily a threat. In most situations officers are given a split decision to determine whether or not to use excessive force, which is not fair because everything is based off of what they feel or think. For example, if a police officers is bias to the minority group there is more likely that the officer will use excessive force before any other arrest method. 

The issue of excessive force and racial profiling has brought concerns to society as to why these fatal killings are happening. Police officers are more likely to use force on minorities based on how society sees minorities as a threat. They have placed stereotypes on minorities where they are seen as violent criminals who are poor, which can affect the judgement of police officers. The criminal's background, where suspects are from, and the suspects location causes them to be at risk of being brutalized through excessive force in society. Now most people see police officers as a threat themselves and not as the law, because police brutality has become major problem in the nation. The law is unclear as to what excessive force is and when excessive force should be used. Until the law that determines when police officers should use excessive force, racial profiling from police officers is going to continue to occur leading to police brutality and mistrust of officers in communities.

