Long time ago, when there were so few people that they could just pick up the wild corn and wild wheat on the field and eat them. However, nowadays if the food source of the 7.4 million people depends on the wild plants, then statically most of the people will starve to death, because without the circulation of the agricultural resources, the population will out place the qualities of crops, maybe even cause the crops to extinct. Why will crops get out place so easily then? Most people in the earth depend on such three types of crops as wheat, corn and rice. For one stalk of corn, fortunately, there are two ears of corn. For one bushel of wheat, which equals to 60 pounds, a flourmill can grind less than one pound of flour, which will yield not even one loaf of bread. One seed of rice can produce up to 300 grains. Without organized planting of rice, there can hardly be any rice. Even to this day, the wild rice are very hard to collect and very expensive on the market. One of the similarities of wheat, corn and rice is that they all grow in a linear function, because one stalk of corn produces two ears, and two talks of corn produce 4 ears, not five ears or more. The same thing applies to wheat and rice. When human couples have babies, they can have one or as much as they want until the point they lose the ability for it. To a certain point when the crops can less than the total human population, people will starve to death. In conclusion, people cannot survive without organized agriculture.

Above is a short brief summary of Malthusian Catastrophic with some of my opinions. Three hundred years ago, an English scholar Thomas Robert Malthus wrote a book named An Essay on The Principle of Population that talks what the titles says. There is one quote from Chapter I, paragraph 18 concludes my previous paragraph: "Population, when unchecked, increases in a geometrical ratio, Subsistence, increases only on an arithmetical ratio." Due to the differences of math languages between 300 years ago and now, by paraphrasing the quote, we can see that in the book Malthus argues that population growth is in a "geometrical ratio", which is exponentially growth like a curved line, increasing like 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and so on; subsistence that stands for the crops grows in a "arithmetical ratio", which is linear growth like a straight line, increasing like 1, 2, 3, 4, and so on. Therefore, the catastrophic will happen when human out place the food resources. However, what makes it interesting is that the catastrophic theory was proposed 300 years ago and every data from book is absolutely true, but nothing happened to the human race. Moreover, the past 100 years, human population increases rapidly, and most of the countries still have a rich condition for food. Plus, the Malthusian Catastrophic is not only some random thought from 300 years ago, but also many new literatures and new theories accepted it. American author Dan Brown's newest book Inferno uses the population catastrophe and connects it with Black Death, which cuts one third of European population. A fiction character in the book thinks the Black Death was a way to eliminate the oversized population and made tremendous progress forward, which is the Renaissance, and he realizes nowadays people need another catastrophe like the Black Death to make a progress forward, and invents a virus that makes one third of the population infertile. Another example is the movie Kingsman that the evil character creates a sound that creates illusion for people and makes them fight each other in order to eliminate the population. Since many people adopted the theory of population catastrophe, there is still not any clear evidence that indicates population can out place the crops. Why does not the rapidly growing population over place the food? To what point will the population out place it? In this essay, according to my research, the answer is never. My paper aims to contribute an ambitious theory called tempo over the progress of our basic life. The tempo that this paper talks about is a rhythm exists in life, and repeats through out what we do. A tempo is that farmers seed grains in the spring, harvest wheat in the fall, and seed a percentage of the grains they got from harvest to seed in the next spring year by year. Since the Neolithic Revolution, human start to have organized farms with regulated schedule of seeding and harvesting. As we analyzed, the crops or subsistence increases as a linear function, but at the same time when population grows, the farmers will seed more grains. Therefore, population is a force that brings the linear growth function to an exponential function that makes sure crops will never get out placed by population. Will the food needs for population be over the capacity that the entire arable land is used for farming? No, because in 2008 world's arable land amounted to 1386 M ha out of 4883 M ha land used for agriculture, so the land is highly available (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). In conclusion, subsistence increasing function is influenced by the population growth, but this does not mean population is not over sized. 

Julian Simon, who is a scholar and famous for his best work on population growth issues, has the same idea as this paper on the agricultural issues. Both of Simon and Malthus made some excellent point o population issues with highly credible, although their theory are opposite of each other. The ideas in my paper have the similar progress as Julian Simon's theory and based on the Malthusian Catastrophe. Furthermore, although we proved the crops couldn't be out placed by human organized farming, natural resources still can hardly increase. Plus, within the population increasing rapidly, natural resources are used in many industries and there is no such tempo as plant an iron ingot and wait for it grows. Starting out with Simon versus Malthusian Catastrophe, by looking over the tempo on agricultural product and the pattern of using natural resources in the past, when the global population was tiny, to nowadays, we can see the tempo behind the declining of natural resources; this is important, because over sized population is harmful to the environment and society and political leaders of every developing and well developed country should be aware of the issue.

This paper aims at how to find the tempo and use the tempo to figure out issues. First of all, we can introduce the declination of natural resources. Unlike agricultural products, natural resources like gasoline, coal and so on are defined as non-renewable resources, although they are very slowly increasing. Comparing with the agricultural products' function, the qualities by time of natural resources function starts off extremely high, and then decrease. The more we have on global population, the rapider the declination on natural resources go. Again, this paper aims at the way of finding solution for the political leaders for well developed and developing country by using the tempo from change the arithmetical ratio growth to exponential growth. Therefore, the key is how can population growth force influence the declination of natural resources. The answer is we cannot. "Julian Simon-- a technological optimist" believes that population growth helps the environment (Salonius et al, 844). Furthermore, Julian Simon believes that human can find the replacement once we used all of a raw material, and the recycle also can fill up the needs for raw material. I believe this is true and this paper will prove this point below, but Simon is a "technological optimist." Obviously, his theory has a really high credibility, because he worked on this field for his entire life. However, there is no one wants the human population annihilate. Therefore, Simon gets the creditability from majority of people naturally. Although this paper explains that we can survive through population growth and the shortage of natural resources due to the population growth, I am a futilitarian, and I believe there will be a day that population cannot survive through the declination of natural resources if and only if the tempo breaks. Moreover, the tempo over declination of natural resources is not increasing it like agricultural growth tempo, but balancing the use of natural resources by developing and finding replacement. 

 One of the popular historical transitions of natural resources in Western Europe happened in Aegean. Population settlements help the scientists and the intellectuals in a society to find goods or new materials: "nature of settlements and size of the population set the scene for ensuing analyze" (Kotsonas, 255). This comes from a review of a book, which is about the transition from Bronze Age to Iron Age in Aegean. When the population settles, people usually have stable life and population will grow. Meanwhile, people have more time and space to observe something new. During the Industrial Revolution, steam engine was invented in the most stable society in the world back then- England. Steam engine was the model for all the efficient engines that were invented later. Furthermore, the engine helps digging coals, and more coals means more energy for engines, and more engines digs more iron either. Of course, they all will eventually run out one day. However, if we connect the development in Industrial Revolution and the Bronze Age together, we can see that the rapid uses of copper got slowed down, because iron replaced lots of roles that copper was in. More recently, from the graph of the United States use of energy, we can see there are an increase on natural gas and a decrease on coal, which had been one of the main resources since 1850s (eia, "Energy Perspectives"). Again, I believe they will run out, but the tempo of how people can find one natural resources to replace with partial previous materials is helping to slow down the declination on overall uses of resources. This idea is mainly organized and proposed by Julian Simon among many other scholars. One of the scholars on environmental history who is on the opposite side of Simon says, "Simon and his peer require scrutiny" (Rothman, 85). To challenge the idea that natural resources can be balanced under rapid population growth, many people will question, how to solve the problem about how to solve the problem of cars using gasoline? How to explain where can we find replacement of iron if it runs out? How do we have enough drinkable water in the future for large amount of population? The answer is that I am too ignorant to know all the answers. These questions are "scrutiny" and very progressive questions, and by solving these we will have many steps forward to figure out the solution for population growth. However, Rothman reviewed Simons in the wrong prospective. There are many things we cannot solve, but we know we can solve it in the future with the same tempo as solving the issues on copper and agricultural products that mentioned previously.

Second of all, the population growth has its certain pattern, either. Previous paragraph discussed how the tempo in the declination of natural resources works, but all of the analyses are based on when population increases. Why does the population need to grow? First of all, if we look over the origin of population growth, it is a phenomenon and a consequence of society decision. Furthermore, we cannot the population growth just because a family decides to have one more baby, but what we see is that how much the population goes up during a period of time. Therefore, looking back to the history, we can have a clear answer of in what circumstances population would grow. There are three periods in human history that population grows massively comparing to the population at that time period. When the Neolithic Revolution occurred, human population expanded. However, due to the historic data, we only know there was a dramatically expansion in human population, but the number remains mystery. One of the reasons Neolithic Revolution occurred is that human gathered, and started agricultural transition. In other words, humans were ready to accept more people, because people had more access to natural sources. The second population expansion happened in Western Europe during the Industrial Revolution. The previous paragraph mentions the resources perspective of the Industrial Revolution, and in population stance, people had more access to new technologies and natural resources, and then people were ready to accept more populations, because human started to use iron and coal to produce massive goods. Not only the machines with many wheels in the factories, but also the furniture played a huge role in people's life. For example, clocks created efficiency for everyone, because they did not need to check the only clock with bell in town and organize their schedules anymore. The effectiveness among people creates the space and time to observe things. However, in this stance, although there are people arguing that we are in a technology revolution, we still do not have new physical materials to feed more people and make them live in a stable life. What does the computer do to a man? Efficiency! With mature computer science knowledge, a man can organize complex data in computers. With the computer and Internet uses globally, more people can contribute their thoughts and this is how the intelligence works are created. Therefore, well use of technology will help the future development for natural resources.

Last of all, what can the political leader in developing and well-developed countries do then?

