In college heavy drinking is a continuously growing problem because freedom is given to a college student, and it should be used more wisely. In the United States approximately 70% of students had problems with drinking because of different social organizations or group events that occur on college campuses (Doumas 150). Although, majority of college students are involved in drinking research found this would also affect the student's ability to perform well in their academic opportunities because college students who "binge" drink tend to give up ways for them to have a successful education career. According to Nicole McBride et al. (2014) students with an "A" GPA drink less than the students with a "C" or lower GPA. Therefore, heavy drinking affects a student's academic performance by slowing the reaction time, decreases memory, and leads to college dropouts. 

Nicole McBride argued that first year college students do more drinking in school than any other student, which affects the student's academic abilities. For example, 60.8% of full-time college students aged 18-21 admitted to abusing alcohol (Mcbride 370).  In general, some of the consequences of students that abuse alcohol, is a student's ability to learn, as Dr. Liguori and Dr. Lonbaken (2015) state "that problematic drinking can have a negative effect on an institution, including reducing retention rates" (70). "Binge" drinking causes failure, class dropout, and low retention rates for first year students as McBride states, "Severe alcohol use among college populations has been shown to lead to negative consequences [ ... ] academic failure and an estimated 1,825 unintentional deaths a year." 

The article "Alcohol Consumption And Academic Retention In First-Year College Students," is about the first and second year of drinking for college students. According to Dr. Gary Liguori and Dr. Barb Lonbaken (2015), "Freshmen, or first-year students, are at particular risk for problematic drinking and its associated consequences" (69). The consequences that involves student performance in school impairs their capability in learning and lacks the concentrations on some students Dr. Gary Liguori and Dr. Barb Lonbaken (2015) argues, "Given the consequence of academic impairment associated with problematic drinking, alcohol misuse may contribute significantly to failure and dropout rates" (70). Researchers surveyed 820 students about alcohol consumption. They were tested by online assessment tests which founded that male students have a higher "binge" drinking level than women; the males that drinks had a lower retention rate than females.

The professional researcher Nicole McBride used surveys to test college students in order to determine whether they are "binge" drinking or not. McBride expected to find the cause of college students "binge" drinking but found intervention programs that focus on the negative causes lead to reducing the amount of "binge" drinking. The student's drinking affects not only their education, but affects their relationships with "peers and teachers, reducing school attendance and students' capacity to complete homework, and influencing student engagement in other problem behaviors such as antisocial behavior," as Sheryl A. Hephill (2014) clarifies.  Nonetheless, alcohol drinking may happen through several kinds of methods, it delays the next day learning in class or studying for a test prior the day it's given (Howland 2010). Jonathan Howland (2010) collected statistics on the college students who were "binge" drinking, to gain insight information on how alcohol affects a student's testing performance in the class. However, Howland believed that alcohol has negative consequences on a person life and may change their beliefs about the outcome of drinking. 

 Nayara Mota (2010) tested students from different universities to determine the effect of "binge" drinking on the brain and vulnerability of the brain to alcohol's neurotoxic effects. The researchers determined that "binge" drinking affects the verbal memory and leads to monitoring difficulties (Mota et al., 2010).  Dr. Samuel Balls, Columbia president and CEO, suggest that alcohol affects the central brain cells of a human body. He researched different studies of students who drinks alcohol and found related evidence that this toxic affects different parts of the human brain depending of the amount that a person is drinking and how often a person drinks. "How Alcohol Affects Your Brain And Body." Also the students who are positively affected by drinking tend to have a lower Intelligence Quotient (IQ) than a low-to-moderate drinker (Muller 2013).  In a cohort study researchers found that 49% of students in different colleges are "binge" drinkers at the beginning and end of college (Mota et al., 2010). 

Diana Doumas, a professor and chair of counselor in education, focused on web-based training decreasing the amount of alcohol related consequences of first year college students who are at risk than any other level in college. Diana explores different types of web-based activities that research have found will decrease the amount of alcohol activities from college organizations. As Doumas states, "This high-risk status afforded to 1st-year students has been attributed to the increase in freedom, decrease in social control, and increase in stress they experience in higher education compared with high school" (Doumas 151).  Doumas, Diana M., et al. "Alcohol-Related Consequences Among First-Year University Students: Effectiveness Of A Web-Based Personalized Feedback Program." People who "binge" drinks may perform academics in a variety of ways, for example a person can "binge" drink and may not perform well on a test. Nicole McBride found that students in college are "binge" drinkers and do not realize that they are heavy drinkers (McBride 2014). 

The reaction time of a student is also affected by students who binge drinking. If the student's reaction time is slow then it will affect the ability of how fast or slow the student could react to taking notes in class or maybe even a timed test. The reaction time of a students could lead to other problems such as impacting the ability to of driving which could cause fatal accidents that could lead to death (Johnson 2013). Binge drinking affects the judgement of a student's knowledge. It gives a bad understanding on what the situation are, and how to handle the particular problem (Mcbride 2014). Increased alcohol used affects the reasoning of thinking, this impact makes it hard on college students who miss class or perform low on a test. 

Elizabeth Grimaldi, researched that the use of alcohol in college leads to consequences and a lack of education performance that prevents keeps students from graduating which leads to higher dropout rates. In thought of alcohol, Elizabeth focuses on the alcohol related and motives that connects with the use of alcohol. Grimaldi, Elizabeth M., Benjamin O. Ladd, and Kristen G. Anderson. "Drinking, Abstinence,And Academic Motives: Relationships Among Multiple Motivational Domains And Alcohol Use In College Students." The consequences that involves student performance in school impairs their capability in learning and lacks the concentrations on some students Dr. Gary Liguori and Dr. Barb Lonbaken (2015) argues, "Given the consequence of academic impairment associated with problematic drinking, alcohol misuse may contribute significantly to failure and dropout rates" (70). Researchers surveyed 820 students about alcohol consumption. They were tested by online assessment tests which founded that male students have a higher "binge" drinking level than women; the males that drinks had a lower retention rate than females. The most consistent disagreement in the sources is whether or not "binge" drinking can affect student's academic ability.

In this video John Iadarola, focuses on the statistics of students in college that binge drinks and explains the difference in which students who are heavy drinkers in college more than likely will not be if they graduate, and the students who are diagnosed as alcoholics are the ones who have the most trouble in college and impacts their academic performance. Iadarola explains more details in why college student decide to become heavy drinker. This video is important for my project because it explains many reason of why student decide to be involved in heavy drinking. "40% of All College Students Are Alcoholics?!" YouTube

Jonathan Howland, a public health professor, researched the connection between test scores and binge drinking on the night before exams by using the placebo method. Howland argues that binge drinking a night before exams does not affect the test scores but it effected a student's mood state and reaction time. This essay is an important source for my project because it gives evidence that drinking affects mood state and reaction time but it does not affect the student's test scores. Howland, Jonathan, et al. "The Effects Of Binge Drinking On College Students' Next-Day Academic Test-Taking Performance And Mood State." This article suggests that students who binge drinks in college, impact their school performance and connection by affecting relationships with the students and teachers and the students attendance. Sheryl focuses more on the impacts of how alcohol would affect the students and the academic performance, however she suggests that many students with these negative impacts are likely the ones who fail and has low commitments. This article is valuable to for my project because it gives facts and shows statistics from schools all over the United States. Hemphill, Sheryl A., et al. "Effects Of Early Adolescent Alcohol Use On Mid-Adolescent School Performance And Connection: A Longitudinal Study Of Students In Victoria,Australia And Washington State, United States." 

 McBride researches the positive and expectancies of alcohol and how it relates to academic performance in underage binge drinkers the author explores two different types of theories: cognitive learning theory and outcome theory to explain how student's academics are effected by binge drinking. This article is important because it provides information about how students think of alcohol and how it affects their academic performance.  McBride, Nicole M., et al. "The Role of Positive Alcohol Expectancies In Underage Binge Drinking Among College Students." In this article Jenna Johnson explains ways on how colleges could minimize the about of students who binge drink and she provides statistics on how alcohol affects a person who binge drinks. Johnson argue that binge drinking needs to stop and colleges need to find a way to get rid of binge drinking. This article is important to my project because it provide reason defend why colleges should minimize binge drinking. Johnson, Jenna. "Schools Try New Strategies to Battle College Drinking."

In this essay, Muller argues that your IQ level is affected by how much alcohol a person consumes and if a person drinks at a moderate level then they will have a higher IQ. The author looked at how much a person drinks throughout a life time and looked at the control of variables that may affect the IQ of a person. This essay is important for my project because it gives ideas of how alcohol affects the intelligence of a person. Muller, Mario, et al. "Associations Between IQ And Alcohol Consumption In A Population Of Young Males: A Large Database Analysis." This article argues how binge drinking can affect the brain and the vulnerability of the brain of neurotoxic effects. Mota uses logical experiments or previous researches that have been collected periodically as a way to determine how alcohol affect's a person brain. This essay is an important source for my project because it tells how alcohol can affect the brain and causes memory loss and monitoring difficulties. Mota, Nayara, et al. "Binge Drinking Trajectory And Neuropsychological Functioning Among University Students: A Longitudinal Study."  

The article "Alcohol Consumption And Academic Retention In First-Year College Students," is about the first and second year of drinking for college students. According to Dr. Gary Liguori and Dr. Barb Lonbaken (2015), "Freshmen, or first-year students, are at particular risk for problem atic drinking and its associated consequences" (69). The researchers argue that first year college students do more drinking in school than any other student, which affect the student academic abilities. In general, some of the consequences affects the student ability to learn, as Dr. Liguori and Dr. Lonbaken (2015) state "that problematic drinking can have a negative effect on an institution, including reducing retention rates" (70). "Binge" drinking causes failure, class dropout, and low retention rates for first year students.

In the video, Lisa Schrader focuses more on the affects that alcohol have on a student's reasoning ability, judgement, and reaction time and how they impacts the academics. The author, the director of health promotion at MTSU, expands on previous research and uses statistics to support her argument. This is important for my project because the video represents other students who also provided information about effects on college student binge drinking. Schrader, Lisa T. "Alcohol Could Affect Students' Academics." YouTube.Binge drinking impacts academic performance due memory loss, decrease in reaction time, decrease judgement and a decrease in reasoning ability. Drinking impacts a student memory loss by lack of concentration and affects the ability of how a student should learn. However, binge drinking affects the way of how a student learn and the amount of drinks a student drink determine their GPA score (Schrader 2010). 

The intelligence score of a student is important because it shows the quotient and the amount of alcohol a student have consumed (Muller 2013). Although, the tests that were given to the students tested for education, parental alcohol disorder and mental health to determine if students are raised in the environment of alcohol substances or do they have some kind of addiction of why they are binge drinkers (Muller 2013); not only are the are the ability of the students work is affected, but also affect the psychophysiological responses to cognitive tasks of a human's ability to think (Mota 2013). Nonetheless, that research show that drinking a night before an exam do not affect the ability of a person grade, Jonanthan Howland founded that even though drinking a day before the a test my not affect the schore but it will affect the how a person takes the test or depending on the person it could affect the grade outcome (Howland 2010). The articles and my research matter because situation that are occurring in society as of today, could grow to being a problem in the near future. Also with the students that underage drink, this could lead to death of that student or an accidentally murder of another human. 

In this article, "Academic performance, popularity, and depression predict adolescent substance use" by Miguel A. Diego, he argued that the GPA predicts the amount of alcohol a person drinks. He predicted as the GPA of student's went down the amount of alcohol that student's drink will increase. Although, lower performing students used different substances, like tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine; the most common used products were alcohol and tobacco. The researchers used a questionnaire to examine 89 seniors to find out their GPA and the amount of alcohol they were drinking. The results showed that a student's GPA determines how much alcohol a student will consume rather than the popularity or depression affecting the amount of alcohol they drink. As Jenna Johnson states, "Alcohol is a common theme in nearly all student problems, including faltering grades [ ... ]" (Johnson 2013).

