Sexual assault prevention, in recent years, has become prevalent in today's society. Colleges and universities around the country are quickly cracking down on not only the definition of rape, but on how they can prevent it. In the essay "The 'Yes' Means 'Yes' World," Jake New speaks of the evolution from "no means no" to "Yes Means Yes", and how to implement affirmative consent without reservation. The essay speaks of consent from California to New York to Canada. Jake New's "The 'Yes' Means 'Yes' World" defines consent in multiple ways by establishing his authority and knowledge on the topic using ethos, through the use of different definitions of consent, consequences of not taking consent seriously, and preventative measures against rape and sexual assault.

Although New speaks objectively in "The 'Yes' Means 'Yes' World", it is clear through the examples he presents that he is with the majority. Everyone has their own personal definition of what rape is, and the majority believes it is wrong. Although Jake New is an unknown third party to the topic of rape, you are inclined to believe his arguments through the examples of what college and university define consent as. This is because of his knowledge on the subject, and the facts he presents. New uses the example from California Governor Jerry Brown that consent is defined as, "an affirmative, unambiguous, and conscious decision by each participant to engage in mutually agreed-upon sexual activity" ("The 'Yes' Means 'Yes' World"). This example further shows the transition from "no means no" to "yes means yes" by including the word "affirmative", it clarifies that both participants answer is "yes" rather than "no". This is an example of affirmative consent. New also mentions how over 800 colleges and universities use some type of affirmative consent definition. This is credible because he claims to have taken the fact from the National Center for Higher Education Risk Management, displaying invented ethos by using national organizations, and drawing from their credibility. According to Jake New, Harvard University's policy on consent "forbids what is called 'unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature,' stating that 'conduct is unwelcome if a person did not request or invite it and regarded the unrequested or uninvited conduct as undesirable or offensive'" ("The 'Yes' Means 'Yes' World"). 

The author displays invented ethos by using higher education universities and national organizations to show his good will. The author is appealing to the readers trust in higher education colleges and universities. The effect of the invented ethos makes the reader want to believe the facts presented because of the well-known sources that are presented by the author. In addition to the authors use of invented ethos through these universities, he applies the situated ethos that these universities and government positions carry. By using an ivy-league school as an example, we are more inclined to accept what they say, instead if some unknown third party would have said the same definition. The same goes with the Governor of California, he was elected as governor and therefore must be trusted by the citizens of that state, and it is easier for the reader to believe what he says as fact, even if it isn't directly from these sources.

To continue, not only does the author prove his authority and knowledge of the topic through the use of examples of definitions of consent given throughout the country, but he also incorporates the consequences of what happens when jokes are made out of consent. Jake New mentions what happens at Yale University when one of their fraternities marched around screaming the phrase, "No Means Yes, Yes Means Anal". The fraternity was suspended for five years. Another fraternity at Texas Tech University was stripped of its charter after painting the same phrase on signs during a party. However, jokes are not made primarily in America, in Canada, the Canadian Federation of Students shut down the production of merchandise with the phrase "NO means have aNOther drink" ("The 'Yes' Means 'Yes' World").

Through these examples the author also incorporates ethos, but also plays on pathos. The shock of the disturbing phrase not only perturbs the reader, but gets the message across that consent is no joke. Invented ethos is displayed by again presenting facts from well-known, and honorable universities. Ethos is also presented by the language and the quality of writing. This specific essay was published to Inside Higher Ed in October 2014. Jake New uses ethos in "The 'Yes' Means 'Yes' World" not only by the authorities cited, but by his clear objective presentation on the topic. By using this appeal to the reader, New is trying to persuade the reader of not only his authority on the topic, but the seriousness of consent and rape.

Furthermore, the author also presents the reader with steps to prevent rape. Although some think it's unreasonable, Antioch College presented its approach to prevent rape, and define consent. Antioch's approach was stated by Mia Karvonides as "under their policy, consent is given step by step at every point of engagement during an intimate encounter. You must verbally ask and verbally get an answer for every point of engagement. 'May I kiss you? May I undo your blouse?'" ("The 'Yes' Means 'Yes' World"). This is considered the closest any college has defined affirmative consent. The effect of presenting this example shows not only does New show examples that show the transition, but he shows every side of the argument, even the more extreme examples. This makes Jake New seem more credible as an author, by not just presenting facts that favor his argument. 

In conclusion, Jake New's "The 'Yes' Means 'Yes' World" applies the appeal of ethos to prove his claim in his essay. Through the use of examples of different definitions of consent, examples of consent being joked about, and examples of the steps being taken to prevent sexual assault, New convinces the reader of the problem with the "no means no" approach and why "yes means yes" is more up-to-date and should be implemented. 

