In writing, there are three appeals used ethos, pathos, and logos, which are always, present throughout a work.  One may be stronger, and more present than another, but in all good writing all of them are referenced throughout the work.  In the article "Is Google Making us Stupid" by Nicholas Carr he focuses on how since technology has advanced and the internet holds the answers to all of our questions that we as humans are no longer capable to read a long book, or concentrate for long periods of time because our minds begin to wander.  The argument could be that people believing the Internet is helpful, and it is not hurting people intellectually, or people may believe what Carr is trying to argue with it being a distraction.  By arguing this he appeals to values, morals, and he backs up the evidence with specific, reliable examples, and the informal structure of the article makes it more interesting and easier to understand from the audience's point of view.  Pathos is the appeal that seems to be most present in this article, but is accompanied by ethos, and logos. All three appeals appear several times throughout, but one of them in particular, pathos, is the strongest, and made the speakers argument the most convincing while incorporating the other appeals to help.

The author intends there to be an opposing side of the argument that could be brought up by the audience having a different opinion on the topic.  The main argument is that "concentration often starts to drift after two or three pages.  I get fidgety, lose the thread, begin looking for something else to do" (p.489) all because of the presence of the Internet and technology.  The argument being that people are so consumed by their phones or computers that when they actually have to read something on a piece of paper it becomes hard, and there are so many other things on their minds at that time which makes concentration close to impossible.  The opposing argument could be that the use of actual reading is not useful anymore and does not need to be important anymore since we have all these available resources to us on the computer and phones.  With text messaging people have a different type of reading now "weakening our capacity for the kind of deep reading that emerged when an earlier technology" (p. 491) since now we have all these different, and more interesting things to read that are available to us we no longer rely and want the books.  With two sides of the argument they way that the speaker explains his argument is crucial to getting the audience to agree. 

Appealing to the audience's morals, and values by telling a story that they have a preconceived idea about that may have a bodily influence or imagery is pathos.  Carr used that appeal throughout the article in attempt to tell a story and bring awareness to the topic.  The audience has an idea about the technology topic because it is controversial in the time we are living in now.  Some may believe it is advancing education and intelligence by having all of the answers, and others may believe that it is merely a distraction, and gets in the way of intelligence because people really do not have to think anymore.  The speaker moves to talk about how the Internet affects human beings saying, "as we come to rely on computers to mediate our understanding of the world, it is our own intelligence that flattens into artificial intelligence" (p. 496).  This is appealing to the audience's values and beliefs, if they believe that technology helps and advances society then they probably have an opinion on what he is trying to say.  The audience throughout the article has to choose to stay with what they value and believe, or if they think the speaker is right in saying that technology is affecting the way we learn and concentrate now.  By using pathos the speaker intends to raise a question in everyone's mind if they too go through what he is talking about with getting distracted and fidgety when having to read something that is long.  The imagery throughout is helpful because it is a specific person telling stories about their experiences and what happens to them, and people could relate to that.

Although pathos is the most present and obvious appeal that is used in this work, ethos and logos are present throughout.  Logos comes out in this article by including reliable sources that the audience may know, or be more likely to listen to what they say.  One of them "Bruce Friedman, who blogs regularly about the use of computers in medicine" (p. 490) shows that he knows about the use of computers influencing something in society so with his opinion it bring s a sense of reliability to the argument and makes people more likely to listen. The way that ethos is included in this argument is by arguing something that people already have an opinion about, and could be passionate about.  Everyone knows what technology is so people already believe in their mind their opinion, but the author could be bringing in ideas that the audience agrees with and starts to believe.  Carr uses personal experiences to help the audience see what he is talking about and maybe they can relate to it.  Even though pathos is most present the other appeals do show throughout the article as well. 

Using all three appeals strategically helps the audience to form an opinion, and find interest in what the speaker is saying.  Pathos being the most present in the article because of the way that the speaker uses values and beliefs to try to argue a side, but also has ethos and logos throughout by using reliable sources and connecting to the audience by talking about something that they will know about and have a strong opinion about.  Since it is an argument people could argue against what is being said, and could have opinions otherwise.  

